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Answer:- The Network Time Protocol NTP is a protocol for synchronising the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
It is designed particularly to resist the effects of variable latency. Question 80 Explain what is subnet? Answer:- In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subnet is a generalization of the concept of subsequence to the case of nets.
The definition is not completely straightforward, but is designed to allow as many theorems about subsequences to generalize to nets. A portion of a network that shares a common address component.
BGP is the routing protocol that runs the Internet. BGP is used to interconnect network islands ASs together. Also BGP is also known as a path vector protocol as it not only tells you how to get to a network IP prefix, but it shows you an AS path of the reachable network. There are two versions of the BGP protocol. G Answer:- The data unit created at the application layer is called a message, at the transport layer the data unit created is called either a segment or an user datagram, at the network layer the data unit created is called the datagram, at the data link layer the datagram is encapsulated in to a frame and finally transmitted as signals along the lo transmission media.
Answer:- lG Class A 0 - A transport protocol designed by microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets. On an existing router, you would have already done this. M Router config ip dhcp pool mypool Specify the network and subnet for the addresses you want to use from the pool. Router dhcp-config network 1.
Router dhcp-config domain-name mydomain. Router dhcp-config dns-server 1. Router dhcp-config default-router 1. Router dhcp-config lease 7 Exit Pool Configuration Mode. Router dhcp-config exit This takes you back to the global configuration prompt. Next, exclude any addresses in the pool range that you don't want to hand out. For example, let's say that you've decided that all IP addresses up to.
All IP addresses above. Answer:- 10Base2 -An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of meters and a maximum of 2 segments.
Question 87 Explain what is redirector? This comes under presentation layer. The standard protocol has been defined between the terminal and the PAD, called X. Together, these three recommendations are often called "triple X" Read More Answers.
Answer:- ui Server-based networkPeer-to-peer networkPeer-to-peer network, computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the resources. Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to provide security and network administration Read More Answers.
Answer:- in It is a project started by IEEE to set standards that enable intercommunication between equipment from a variety of manufacturers.
It is a way for specifying functions of the physical layer, the data link layer and to some extent the network layer to allow for interconnectivity of major LAN protocols. It consists of the following Media access control MAC is the lower sublayer of the data link layer that contains some distinct modules each carrying proprietary information specific to the LAN product being used.
The modules are Ethernet LAN Question 91 Explain difference between bit rate and baud rate. Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted during one second whereas baud rate refers to the number of signal units per second that are required to represent those bits.
O Answer:- Please share your answers. M Read More Answers. It also handles both control and error messages. Question 93 Tell me can we use static and dynamic routing in one network? Answer:- As Saurabh said; we can use static and Dynamic Routing in one network. However Dyanmic Routing is used to have the best path no matter what the status of the physical links. All routing protocols have some sort of shortest-path or lowest-cost or best-choice algorithm to help you weigh all the options available.
Static routing can be used in a small network to reduce the work of the network administrator or to use a particular route only to forward the packet; we need static routing. Question 94 Tell me what are the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of routing tables? Answer:- The three types of routing tables are fixed, dynamic, and fixed central. The fixed table must be manually modified every time there is a change.
A dynamic table changes its information based on network traffic, reducing the amount of manual maintenance. A fixed central table lets a manager modify only one table, which is then read by other devices. The fixed central table reduces the need to update each machine's table, as with the fixed table. Usually a dynamic table causes the fewest problems for a network administrator, although the table's contents can change without the administrator being aware of the change.
Answer:- The header should have a minimum length of 20 bytes and can have a maximum length of 60 bytes. Answer:- ba Packet filter is a standard router equipped with some extra functionality. The extra functionality allows every incoming or outgoing packet to be inspected.
Packets meeting some criterion are forwarded normally. Those that fail the test are dropped. This sublayer is responsible for maintaining the link between computers when they are sending data across the physical network connection. Answer:- When hierarchical routing is used, the routers are divided into what we call regions, with each router knowing all the details about how to route packets to in destinations within its own region, but knowing nothing about the internal structure of other regions.
C Answer:- One of the main causes of congestion is that traffic is often busy. If hosts could be made to transmit at a uniform rate, congestion would be less common. Another open loop method to help manage congestion is forcing the packet to be transmitted at a more predictable rate. This is called traffic shaping. O Question Explain what are Digrams and Trigrams?
M Answer:- The most common two letter combinations are called as digrams. The most common three letter combinations are called as trigrams. Question Explain what is silly window syndrome in Computer Networks?
Answer:- It is a problem that can ruin TCP performance. This problem occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side reads 1 byte at a time. Question What is source route in Computer Networks? Answer:- It is a sequence of IP addresses identifying the route a datagram must follow. A source route may optionally be included in an IP datagram header.
Answer:- It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. Answer:- The Default subnet mask for this Ip address is But the the subnet mask is Applications are user interfacing and is in a format understandable by the user. The application layer provides a user with various application services, which a user decides upon ui the communication.
Word is an application that a user users at the application layerTransport:This layer multiplexes data. The need for multiplexing, is that there could be many services that would want to communicate with different destinations. Along with this this layer also provides a user with different reliabilty modes depending upon the protocol usedNetwork:This layer is responsible for logical addressing to identify the network where the reciveing d station isData link:This layer is where the data gets another tag with the physical address of the device, to identify exactly what PC the data is destined to in the network identified by the network layer.
The physcial address often depends upon the technolgy that you are using ethernet, token ring, frame relay, PPP etc. Also the data gets split in to series of bits of 0s and 1s and sent to the lower layerPhysical:This is the layer where the data in form of bits recieved from the data link layer el gets transmitted in form of electrical signals to the destination Read More Answers. PDUs b. PRAMs d. C Answer:- B. Peer Entities Read More Answers.
Why do we use these techniques? VLAN's break up broadcast domains in layer 2 switch network. You can achieve this by using either a Layer 3 switch or a router. Answer:- State the technical steps required for data transmission from server to server via a router and switch Read More Answers. Question Suppose a person would like to access a file on another computer connected via LAN while working with safe mode.
What should he do? Question Tell me what is VPN? Question ba What does negotiation mean when discussing network protocols? Half-duplex devices let you send and receive, but only one-way at a time. If you've ever used a walkie-talkie, then you know what half-duplex conversations sound like. You have to push the TALK button to send your message. But as long as you are holding the TALK key, you can't hear what anyone else is saying. You must release the button to receive.
Full duplex actually, full duplex is nothing new. In fact, you already know exactly what it sounds like. Your corded or cordless phones are full-duplex devices letting you and your caller speak simultaneously without any dropouts in either one of your voices. Half- and Full-Duplex ModeEach switch port can operate in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode.
As a result, when the switch is connected to another network ui device that is capable of autonegotiation, the two devices communicate common speeds and duplex modes to each other. Then, the highest common capabilities for both devices become the operating modes. The switch has the following operating priorities To reduce attenuation, repeaters are used to boost the signal strength.
Question IP though unreliable it implements routing of network information across the nodes upto the destination. But TCP cannot do this it implements O only the end-to-communication i. M Question Explain what are the important topologies for networks? Answer:- BUS topology: In this each computer is directly connected to primary network cable in a single line. Advantages: Inexpensive, easy to install, simple to understand, easy to extend.
STAR topology:In this all computers are connected using a central hub. Advantages: Can be inexpensive, easy to install and reconfigure and easy to trouble shoot physical problems. RING topology: In this all computers are connected in loop. Advantages: All computers have equal access to network media, installation can be simple, and signal does not degrade as much as in other topologies because each computer regenerates it. Question Tell us why do we have a minimum and maximum cable length requirement?
Answer:- The min and max cable length is required because the signals can travel effectively without loosing their strength to that extent you can increase the cable length apart from preferred by using the repeaters after the length so that the signals will be boosted again.
Question What is cladding in Computer Networks? Common cladding materials include vinyl and extruded or roll-formed aluminum Read More Answers. Question G Explain what is passive topology? Answer:- When the computers on the network simply listen and receive the signal, they are referred to as passive because they don't amplify the signal in any way. Example for lo passive topology - linear bus. Answer:- lG. In an Exchange environment, using. Think of this as a type of email cache file.
This leaves the emails on the server, but also stores a copy of emails since your last sync on the local machine. Question d Suppose you have been given 1 printer and 1 IP Address for installing it in a Networking Environment How will you do it? The printer is now ready to use. Because it is considered to be the most efficient IGP interior gateway protocol.
Question What is the difference between routable and non- routable protocols? Answer:- Routable protocols can work with a router and can be used to build large networks. Non-Routable protocols are designed to work on small, local networks and cannot be used with a router Read More Answers.
Question How many levels of signalling is possible with such modulation, in other words what is the number of symbols? Answer:- Please share your views. Answer:- Short for Media Access Control address, a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer.
In a session 2. In a LAN 3. In a WAN 4. It is a kind of virtual database used to manage the devices in a network.
It consists of record the of network entities e. The database is hierarchical tree structured and entries are addressed through object identifiers. Question Explain why logical address required is in OSI model? State the difference between guide media and unguide media Answer:- Please share your answers. DNS is resolve the web site name to IP address or you can say.
How does it get a message to the network looking for its IP address and the location of its operating system boot files? The same message might contain the name of the machine that has the boot files on it. If the boot image location is not specified, the workstation sends another UDP message to query the server. Answer:- Short for Multistation Access Unit also abbreviated as MSAU , a token-ring network device that physically connects network computers in a star topology while lo retaining the logical ring structure.
One of the problems with the token-ring topology is that a single non-operating node can break the ring. The MAU solves this problem because it has the ability to short out non-operating nodes and maintain the ring structure.
A MAU is a special type of hub. Network layer is responsible for the packets to be delivered with reliability for every link i. But E1 leased line is very Costly. Vpn also need internet connection to send data from source to server. O Answer:- It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems use to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system.
Question Explain what is the advantage and disadvantage of local area networks? Answer:- In transport layer two protocols are working TCP , transmission control protocol and UDP , user datagram protocol , TCP is also know as reliable protocol , means it is using handshake process , where client requtest to server then establish the connection and then transfer the packet then terminates it.
In UDP , no relaibilty but packets are safe. Question Explain what is autonomous system? Answer:- Autonomous system has been assigned a number which differentiates it from other autonomous systems to communicate. Answer:- Recovery Console for example if you install a software in exsisting windows and due to the software if the system have some problem you can choose Recovery console at Start -programs-accessories-system tools-Recovery consoleenter it and you can see the Timetable of Recovery console select the previous date of which you installed and select Restore.
Question lG Explain difference between the communication and transmission. Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues like bit polarity, synchronization, clock etc. Communication means the meaning full exchange of information between two communication media? Answer:- Difference between the communication and transmission. Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues like bit polarity, synchronisation, clock etc.
Communication means the meaning full exchange of information between two communication media. Broadband :In this type. Point to Point :In this type of technology there are multiple connections transmission lines between 2 hosts. C What is layer-3 switch in Computer Networks? Answer:- A layer 2 switch provides connectivity but doesn't act upon the packets at all.
A layer 3 switch provides connectivity but can also provide routing, access lists, QOS and even security. O These are usually much more expensive switches with IOS's installed. They are best used in video conferencing to keep video packets together through QOS.
For video, your cable should run directly to the layer 3 switch and not pass through any other lessor switch to avoid tiling, delays and other issues that affect video quality. Question Explain what is Active Directory? How does it work? Answer:- In windows and environment ads is a power full sercice ,active directory mainly used for maintaing and promotion of entire company into centralized network administration.
Question Explain what is ipv6? How many octects is it? The best example of stupidity leading to the problem is universities handing out public IP address to students and facility on their networks.
A corporation would be insane to hand out public ip addresses to staff members. IPv6 default subnet is I'm sure it's implemented somewhere, but I've not seen it. The solution to running out of IP addresses is better management of IPv4 addresses.
The students then return to their networks and implement their text book learning's in their networks. Then these students wonder why things are all messed up on their networks. You should Class 'C' addressing on your private, smaller networks. It'll work out much better for you. Question Explain what is Private IP? Answer:- The address which can't be routed through public internet are private ip addressesand it is scheam of saving public addressex:in class A range is Question Explain what is the difference between collision domain and broadcast domain?
Answer:- G Broadcast Domain: A set of all devices that recieve broadcast frames originating from any device within the set. Broadcast domains are typically bounded by routers or, in a switched network, by VLANs because routers do not forward broadcast frames. Collision Domain: In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated. Repeaters and Hubs prpagate collisions, LAN switches and bridges do not.
Question ba Explain what is point-to-point protocol? Answer:- In networking, the Point-to-Point Protocol is commonly used to establish a direct connection between two nodes. Its primary use has been to connect computers using lG a phone line, though it is also occasionally used over broadband connections. Question ui What is difference between layer 2 and layer 3 switch? How much bandwidth support by V. What is difference between V. Router also provide packet filtering by using acess list and when connect two or more network together and use logical addressing IP.
Besides, router use routing table to make path selection and forward packet el to remote network. How will you restore this file Without using Safe Mode Option? C as appropriate to your situation,u can solve it by repair this folder in the first repair in Win XP if u know name of his folder.. Keep in mind we cannot use any other additional equipment? This then translates the IP address of the server, which is likely to be a Earlier gateway was a different device but now days it is embedded with routers.
Routers: It is layer 3 Network devices used to connect two or more network together and it forward data packets between them. A: It is a wire or any connection medium which connects only two computers. It is opposite to topologies as here only two circuits are connected. A: It is also called as Channel Access Method in which several devices are connected to same medium and then share the data.
This method is totally dependent on the multiplexing. There are four types of Channel Access Schemes-. Hope you have liked the above questions like us on Facebook for daily updates.
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